Kronos

Kronos is the first open-source foundation model for financial candlesticks (K-lines), trained on data from over 45 global exchanges. [2025.11.10] Kronos has been accpeted by AAAI 2026. [2025.08.17] We have released the scripts for fine-tuning! Check them out to adapt Kronos to your own tasks. [2025.08.02] Our paper is now available on arXiv!

Kronos is a family of decoder-only foundation models, pre-trained specifically for the "language" of financial markets, K-line sequences. Unlike general-purpose TSFMs, Kronos is designed to handle the unique, high-noise characteristics of financial data. It leverages a novel two-stage framework: 1. A specialized tokenizer first quantizes continuous, multi-dimensional K-line data (OHLCV) into hierarchical discrete tokens. 2. A large, autoregressive Transformer is then pre-trained on these tokens, enabling it to serve as a unified model for diverse quantitative tasks.

We have set up a live demo to visualize Kronos's forecasting results. The webpage showcases a forecast for the BTC/USDT trading pair over the next 24 hours.

Curated by Navid Moazzez·Updated Sept 30, 2026·1 min read·Fact-checked